ADTRAN Network Router 2 x E1 User Manual

TRACER® 2 x E1  
User’s Manual  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual, 2001  
61280004L2-1C  
 
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFACE STATEMENT  
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant  
to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency  
energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio  
communications.  
The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential  
situation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If  
this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by  
turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more  
of the following measures:  
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.  
Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.  
Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.  
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.  
W A R N I N G  
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to  
operate the equipment.  
SHIELDED CABLES  
A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and also to prevent  
interference with nearby radio and television reception when using the AC voltage adapter. It is essential  
that only the ADTRAN-provided power cord be used.  
FCC OUTPUT POWER RESTRICTIONS  
The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However, the FCC has established  
restrictions regarding maximum output power and the adjustments required when employing directional  
gain antennae. (Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual). These restrictions  
are detailed in FCC Part 15.247 (b)(1), (b)(3)(i), and (3)(iii). It is the responsibility of the individuals  
designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and any other pertinent  
FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.  
EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS  
The TRACER is designed in three versions with the following power options:  
2.4 GHz @ 100 mW  
2.4 GHz @ 1 W  
5.8 GHz @100 mW  
These levels of RF energy are below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC  
OET 65:97-01. The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create  
the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance  
less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) from the center of the antenna. The following precautions must be taken  
during installation of this equipment:  
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61280004L2-1C  
Radio Frequency Interference Statement  
The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general  
population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters).  
Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended;  
or  
Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet  
(4.6 meters) from the front of the antenna.  
It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that  
prevents access to the antenna.  
Prior to installing the antenna to the RFC output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings  
specified in section 2 of this manual.  
During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to  
prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector.  
During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.  
During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.  
These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from  
exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Table of Contents  
Page  
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1  
Spread Spectrum............................................................................................................................. 1  
Direct Sequence .................................................................................................................. 2  
Coding ................................................................................................................................ 2  
Channel Selection ........................................................................................................................... 2  
Forward Error Correction ............................................................................................................... 2  
E1 Interfaces ................................................................................................................................... 3  
Baseband Processor or BBP ............................................................................................... 3  
Alarm Contacts ................................................................................................................... 5  
IF Signal ............................................................................................................................. 5  
Power .................................................................................................................................. 5  
Controls and Indicators....................................................................................................... 5  
Built-In Tests ...................................................................................................................... 8  
Radio Frequency Converter or RFC ................................................................................... 8  
Section 2. Installation  
Unpack, Inspect ............................................................................................................................ 11  
Rackmounted RFC Configuration .................................................................................... 11  
Installation .................................................................................................................................... 11  
Location and Mounting .................................................................................................... 11  
Power Requirements......................................................................................................... 11  
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Table of Contents  
Antenna Feedline Loss ..................................................................................................... 15  
Antenna Gain .................................................................................................................... 15  
Path Loss .......................................................................................................................... 16  
Path Availability ............................................................................................................... 16  
Setting the Transmitter Power ...................................................................................................... 17  
2.4 GHz, 1 Watt Transmitter Option ............................................................................................ 17  
Setting the RFC Frequency Plan on 5.8 GHz Models .................................................................. 20  
Directions for Changing the Frequency Plan on the Mastmount RFC............................. 20  
Connecting the BBP and the RFC ................................................................................................ 21  
Applying Power ............................................................................................................................ 21  
Automatic BBP Frequency Plan................................................................................................... 21  
Spreading Code ............................................................................................................................ 21  
Co-Locating Multiple Systems ..................................................................................................... 22  
RF Low .................................................................................................................................... 22  
Remote BERT.............................................................................................................................. 23  
Alarm Contacts ............................................................................................................................. 23  
Section 3. Operation  
VT100 User Interface ................................................................................................................... 25  
Cable Connections ........................................................................................................................ 25  
Password .................................................................................................................................... 25  
Main Menu Selections .................................................................................................................. 26  
System Status Screen.................................................................................................. 26  
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E1A Statistics Page..................................................................................................... 30  
E1B Statistics Page ..................................................................................................... 30  
Section 4. Troubleshooting  
General .................................................................................................................................... 31  
Troubleshooting Using the Front Panel Indicators....................................................................... 31  
Link Down” Light is Lit ............................................................................................ 31  
“LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is Lit ...................................................................................... 33  
“LOS/OOF Light on E1A or E1B is Lit ..................................................................... 33  
ALM is Lit .................................................................................................................. 34  
No “Power” Light ....................................................................................................... 34  
“Test” Light is Lit or Blinking ................................................................................... 35  
“TST” Light is Lit after Pressing “Remote Test” Button ........................................... 35  
“Fail” Light is Lit after Pressing “Remote Test” Button............................................ 36  
“RF Low” Light is On ................................................................................................ 36  
Troubleshooting Using the VT100 User Interface ....................................................................... 37  
CV Alarm ................................................................................................................... 37  
OOF Alarm ................................................................................................................. 38  
RMT Alarm ................................................................................................................ 38  
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Table of Contents  
RFC Link Up Status ................................................................................................... 42  
ES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu.............................................. 42  
Section 5. Specifications  
Transmitter ................................................................................................................. 45  
Receiver ...................................................................................................................... 45  
Spread Spectrum Data Pump ...................................................................................... 45  
Interface Specifications .............................................................................................. 45  
User Interface ............................................................................................................. 45  
VT100 Terminal Interface .......................................................................................... 46  
Power .......................................................................................................................... 46  
Section 6. Warranty, Ordering and Return Information  
Warranty .................................................................................................................................... 47  
Repairs and Returns...................................................................................................................... 47  
Technical Support......................................................................................................................... 47  
Glossary  
Acronyms Used in This Manual ................................................................................................... 49  
Appendix A.  
Cable Connections ...................................................................................................................... A-1  
Personal Computer Connection (DB-9) ..................................................................................... A-1  
Modem Connection (DB-25)...................................................................................................... A-1  
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Table of Contents  
Illustrations  
Figure 1-3. BBP .......................................................................................................................... 3  
Figure 1-4. BBP Rear Panel........................................................................................................ 3  
Figure 1-6. BBP Front Panel (with door closed) ........................................................................ 6  
Figure 1-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open)........................................................................... 6  
Figure 1-8. RFC Function Block Diagram ................................................................................. 8  
Figure 1-9. RFC Module............................................................................................................. 8  
Figure 3-2. Main Menu Screen ................................................................................................. 27  
Figure 3-3. System Configuration Menu Screen ...................................................................... 27  
Figure 3-4. E1A Status Screen.................................................................................................. 28  
Figure 3-5. E1B Status Screen .................................................................................................. 28  
Figure 3-7. E1A Statistics Screen ............................................................................................. 30  
Figure 3-8. E1B Statistics Screen ............................................................................................. 30  
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TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
SECTION 1  
TRACER DESCRIPTION  
INTRODUCTION  
The Dual E1 version of TRACER provides two, individual E1 transports via a 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz,  
direct sequence, spread spectrum microwave link. The transmitter output power is 20 dBm maximum  
while the receiver sensitivity is -89 dBm @ 2.4 GHz and -87 dBm @ 5.8 GHz. System performance is  
determined, in part, by the engineering of the microwave link. Each TRACER radio is comprised of two  
components – the baseband processor and the radio frequency converter (RFC). The E1 interfaces  
(G.703, G.704 compliant) are provided on the back of the baseband processor, which is mountable in a  
515 mm rack. The radio frequency converter is rackmountable adjacent to the baseband processor or  
mastmountable in a weatherproof enclosure, located up to 110 meters apart, using RG-8 style coax. A  
single coaxial cable connects the baseband processor (via a Type N connector) to the RFC and another  
coaxial cable connects the RFC to the antenna (via a Type N connector).  
Applications  
Any application that would typically use metallic E1 as a transport can use the TRACER instead. Figure  
1-1 illustrates a typical application.  
Figure 1-1. Typical Application  
In addition to telephony applications, TRACER can be used in data communications such as inter-  
networking, video conferencing, and telemetry.  
Spread Spectrum  
Spread spectrum is a form of communication in which the bandwidth of a message signal is intentionally  
increased or “spread.” There are two methods of spreading -- frequency hopping and direct sequence.  
TRACER employs direct sequence spread spectrum.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 1 TRACER Description  
Direct Sequence  
A direct sequence transmitter spreads the signal by mixing the data with the output of a pseudorandom  
number generator which changes state at a rate higher than the data rate. This rate is called the  
“chipping” rate. The TRACER chipping rate is twelve times the data rate.  
Coding  
Many different pseudorandom sequences exist. The sequences are called pseudorandom because,  
although they appear noise-like, they are determinant and repeat after a specific number of chips. The  
longer a code is, the better correlation characteristics it possesses. These traits allow multiple spread  
spectrum systems to operate in the presence of one another with minimal interference if they are  
operating with different sequences. The TRACER allows the selection of one of ten different 120-bit  
long sequences.  
Channel Selection  
The FCC has allocated 83.5 MHz of spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band and 125 MHz in the 5.8 GHz band in  
which TRACER operates. A TRACER system fully uses the available bandwidth – transmitting in one  
half and receiving in the other. Figure 1-2 illustrates the bandwidth division.  
2441 MHz  
2400 MHz  
5725 MHz  
2483.5 MHz  
5850 MHz  
or  
5787 MHz  
Figure 1-2. Bandwidth Division  
The transmitter at one end of a link (TxA) will transmit in the lower half of the spectrum. Consequently,  
the receiver at the other end will receive in the lower half of the band and transmit in the upper half.  
Thus, a system will operate in one of two frequency plans -- transmit in the upper and receive in the  
lower or vice versa. These two plans are called Plan A and Plan B. One end of a path will be on Plan A  
and the other will be on Plan B. Shipment of a link will consist of an A and a B unless specified  
otherwise.  
Forward Error Correction  
With the addition of overhead data, error detection and correction capability can be added to a data  
stream. Error correction can be accomplished by allowing the receiver to request to retransmit of the  
erred block once detected. The TRACER, on the other hand, implements forward error correction (FEC)  
which adds enough overhead data for the receiver to detect and correct errors in the data stream. This  
capability comes at the cost of bandwidth. The addition of FEC decreases the required signal-to-noise  
(S/N) ratio by approximately 5.5 dB to achieve a given bit error rate (BER).  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 1 TRACER Description  
E1 Interfaces  
The E1 interfaces conform to the ITU G.703 and G.704 electrical and signaling interface  
recommendations. Two interfacing configurations are allowed - two pair of BNC coaxial connectors or  
two 15-pin sub-D connectors and RJ48 connectors.  
The coaxial connection provides a 75unbalanced connection. The shield of the TX coaxial connection  
is attached to earth ground. A strap is provided to optionally connect the shield of the RX coaxial  
connection to ground as described in G.703. The 15 pin sub-D and RJ48 connection provides a 120Ω  
balanced connection.  
TRACER System Configuration  
A TRACER system is composed of three major subsystems -- a baseband processor, a radio frequency  
converter, and an antenna. The following section describes the system components.  
Baseband Processor or BBP  
The baseband processor or BBP is a 1-U, 515 mm (19-inch) rackmountable unit. This unit provides the  
system electrical interfaces, user controls and indicators, and performs the spread spectrum processing  
for the system. The rear panel provides all of the electrical interface points -- E1 interfaces, VT100  
compatible terminal, alarm contacts, IF signal, and DC power (from facility or optional AC adapter).  
The BBP front and rear panels are illustrated in Figures 1-3 and 1-4.  
TRACER  
ALM  
LBK  
ALM  
LBK  
TEST  
PLAN  
PLAN  
A
B
RF LOW  
CV/CRC  
LOS/OOF  
CV/CRC  
LOS/OOF  
POWER  
LINK DOWN  
Figure 1-3. BBP  
IF  
MAJ  
MIN  
DC POWER  
E1B  
75 OHM  
E1A  
G.703  
75 OHM  
TX  
RX  
TX  
RX  
RS232  
NO COM NC NO COM NC  
Figure 1-4. BBP Rear Panel (75Option)  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
A block diagram of the BBP is shown in Figure 1-5.  
RS-232  
UART  
µC  
Baseband Processor Board  
DSP  
E1 A  
E1 B  
E1  
E1  
Spread  
Spectrum  
Data  
Data  
Multiplexer  
Viterbi  
Encoder/  
Decoder  
Pump  
Fc = 140 MHz  
IF  
Filter  
Σ
90  
Fc = 70 MHz  
90  
IF Interface Board  
21-56  
VDC  
Figure 1-5. BBP Block Diagram  
VT100 RS-232 Interface  
An RS-232 interface is provided via a 25-pin D connector for attaching a VT100 compatible terminal.  
The active signals used on this interface are listed below  
Signal Name Pin Number Source  
Transmit Data .......... 2 ............. Terminal/Modem  
Receive Data ............ 3 ............. TRACER  
Request to Send ....... 4 ............. Terminal/Modem  
Clear to Send............ 5 ............. TRACER  
Data Set Ready ........ 6 ............. TRACER  
Signal Ground .......... 7  
The management system allows the E1 interfaces to be provisioned. The line code can be selected as  
AMI or HDB3. The signaling can be selected as channel associated signaling (CAS) or common channel  
signaling (CCS). Alarm conditions can also be monitored. The management system will report the  
following alarms on the E1 interfaces:  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
• Loss of signal  
• Code violation  
• CRC error  
• Framing error  
• Remote alarm  
• UA1  
A seven-day error history of the E1 interfaces and radio link is also provided. Fifteen-minute histories  
are provided for the most recent 24 hours of operation.  
The status of the microwave link can also be monitored from the management system. The transmitter  
power setting as well as an indication of the received microwave signal level are provided.  
Alarm Contacts  
Two classes of alarm, MAJOR and MINOR, are provided. A MAJOR alarm is signaled if, for any  
reason, the microwave path is not operational. A MINOR alarm is signaled when the data path is  
operating, but impaired. A minor alarm will be activated when an alarm is sensed on the E1 interfaces or  
when the received RF signal level falls below approximately -80 dBm. Both normally-open and  
normally-closed contacts are provided for each alarm class. Access is provided by a six-position terminal  
strip on the back of the baseband processor.  
IF Signal  
The Type N Connector provides the interface point between the baseband processor and the radio  
frequency converter (RFC). This connection provides the signal, power, and configuration information to  
the RFC. A coaxial cable (ADTRAN part number 3125RF027 is provided for connecting the BBP to the  
RFC for the rackmount model. Cable for connecting the BBP to a mastmount RFC must be provided by  
the customer after the length of the cable has been determined.  
Power  
The unit receives power via one of two connectors. Power for the entire system is provided by these  
interfaces. The 3 pin circular DIN connector is provided to connect an ADTRAN supplied desktop AC  
adapter providing 48 volts DC. The three-pin terminal block allows the connection of any DC power  
source providing between 21 and 60 volts DC. The power consumption of the entire system is  
approximately 30 watts.  
Controls and Indicators  
The system may be configured via the front panel, which is accessible behind a drop-down panel on the  
right half of the BBP. The front panel is illustrated in Figures 1-6 and 1-7.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 1 TRACER Description  
TRACER  
ALM  
ALM  
LBK  
TEST  
PLAN A  
PLAN B  
RF LOW  
LINK DOWN  
LBK  
CV/CRC  
LOS/OOF  
CV/CRC  
LOS/OOF  
POWER  
Figure 1-6. BBP Front Panel with Door Closed  
3
12  
4
6
9
7
1
2
3
4
8
TEST  
PWR  
ALM LBK  
ALM LBK  
GND  
CLK  
L
RSSI +5 +12  
A
TST  
RF LOW  
HDB3 HDB3  
CAS  
RESET  
LBKA  
LBKB  
TEST  
CAS  
UP  
CCS  
CCS  
DOWN  
LOS CV  
OOF CRC  
LOS CV  
OOF CRC  
B
FAIL  
LINK  
AMI  
AMI  
CODE  
TX PWR  
Q
RF  
-5 -12  
PWR  
E1A  
E1B  
PLAN  
REMOTE  
ERROR  
Figure 1-7. BBP Front Panel with Door Open  
As a rule, a green LED indicates a normal situation, a red LED indicates an error situation, and a yellow  
LED indicates a configuration option. LEDs indicating overall system integrity are listed below.  
Self Test .................................... Blinking red if the self-test has completed and failed; Solid red if  
self-test is in progress or did not complete  
Power ........................................ Green if DC voltage is applied  
The LEDs associated with the E1 interfaces are listed below.  
CV/CRC .................................... Red if the incoming E1 stream contains code violations, or a CRC  
error  
LOS/OOF .................................. Red if there is no signal present at the E1 interfaces or if framing  
synchronization is lost  
Loopback................................... Solid yellow if the E1 interfaces are in local line loopback. Blinking  
yellow if the E1 interfaces are in link loopback.  
ALM.......................................... Solid red if a UA1 is detected at the incoming E1, blinking red if a  
remote alarm signal is found  
The functions of the LEDs which relate system configuration information are listed below.  
Frequency Plan A...................... Yellow if frequency plan A is selected  
Frequency Plan B ...................... Yellow if frequency plan B is selected  
Remote Test Active .................. Yellow if the remote test is active  
Remote Test Fail ....................... Red if the remote test failed  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
The LEDs that indicate error conditions in the spread spectrum data pump and RFC are listed below.  
All of these LEDs are visible through the front panel. Any one of these LEDs indicates an error condition  
that precludes system operation.  
Link Down .............. Red if the RF link is not operational.  
E1 interfaces will transmit UA1 on the affected E1 to indicate an error.  
RF Low ................... Red if the received RF carrier level is below -80 dBm.  
The controls available from the control panel are listed below.  
Name  
Function  
Reset........................ Reset the system  
LBK......................... Toggles E1 between normal and local line loopback modes  
CAS ......................... Selects Channel Associated Signaling  
CCS ......................... Selects Common Channel Signaling  
HDB3 ...................... Selects HDB3 Line Coding  
AMI ......................... Selects AMI Line Coding  
Remote Test ............ Initiate a remote test across the RF link  
TX Power ................ Adjusts transmit power level up and down  
The monitor points provided on the front panel of the system are described below.  
RSSI ........................ DC voltage indicating strength of the received signal at the antenna  
GND ........................ System ground  
NOTE  
The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents a relative signal level of receive strength  
from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage level and actual receive  
level in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antennae.  
Non-volatile Memory  
The TRACER system contains non-volatile memory to retain certain configuration settings. These  
settings include:  
Frequency plan  
Password  
Chipping code (if set from VT100)  
Password enabling  
Site name  
E1 line coding (if set from VT100)  
E1 framing (if set from VT100)  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
Built-In Tests  
The TRACER has several features to aid in site setup and later debugging. These diagnostics include E1  
loopbacks and a link test with BERT (Bit Error Rate Test) data. A link test is performed by pressing the  
test button. The remote unit will then send a pseudorandom data pattern, and the local end will compute a  
BER. After the conclusion of the test, the remote end will automatically be instructed to terminate the  
pattern generation. If any bit errors are introduced, the Remote Test Fail LED will illuminate.  
Radio Frequency Converter or RFC  
The radio frequency converter (RFC) provides the radio frequency (RF) interface between the baseband  
processor and the antenna. The RFC is partitioned, functionally, into two major components - the  
transmitter and the receiver. Figure 1-8 is a block diagram of the RFC. The major connections  
illustrated are transmit signal, receive signal, and the IF signal connection.  
Figure 1-8. RFC Block Diagram  
The RFC unit is enclosed in a metal enclosure approximately 26.7cm x 14cm x 2.5cm and is mounted in  
a 515 mm rackmountable housing or mastmountable, weatherproof enclosure. The RFC is illustrated in  
Figure 1-9.  
IF  
RSSI  
GND  
TX PWR  
RX  
TX  
Figure 1-9. RFC Module  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
Three SMA connectors, located on the RFC module, provide RF and IF connection points. A test point is  
provided for monitoring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The voltage (relative to the GND  
test point) present on this test point represents the level of the received signal. This signal is used to align  
the antenna when installing the system and to verify the link is performing as designed.  
NOTE  
The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents a relative signal level of receive strength  
from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage level and actual receive  
level in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antennae.  
The only connections that must be made in the field are a coax connection between the baseband  
processor and the RFC and a coax connection between the RFC and the antenna. These connections  
require male, type N coax connectors.  
The IF connector provides the connection between the baseband processor and the rackmounted or  
mastmounted RFC. An 8” IF cable (ADTRAN P/N 3125RF027) is provided for rackmount systems.  
The TO ANTENNA connection provides the connection between the RFC and the antenna.  
CAUTION  
When connecting an RF converter (RFC) to a Baseband Processor (BBP), verify that the connector  
labeled “IF” on the rear panel of the Baseband Processor is connected via coax to the connector  
labeled “IF” on the RF converter. Connecting the Baseband Processor to the incorrect connector on  
the RF converter will cause the internal 1 amp 250 V fuse to blow in the Baseband Processor. This  
fuse is accessed by removing the top of the Baseband Processor, and is located on the left side of the  
chassis when facing the front panel.  
The RFC module is enclosed in either an ETSI-compliant rackmount housing or a weather-tight  
enclosure suitable for mastmounting near the antenna for enhanced system performance. The RFC  
mastmount and rackmount housings are illustrated in Figures 1-10 and 1-11.  
TRACER  
IF  
ANTENNA  
Figure 1-10. Front and Rear of Rackmount RFC Housing  
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Section 1 TRACER Description  
Eye Level View  
Up Angle View  
Figure 1-11. Mastmount RFC Housing  
Antenna Selection  
TRACER is intended to be coupled with an antenna that is directional (thus providing signal gain). There  
are several reasons for this requirement:  
• TRACER operates in point-to-point applications so omnidirectional antennas cannot be used.  
• The low power transmitter is intended to be used with a high-gain antenna for long links.  
• Directional antennas minimize the interference that a site is susceptible to and also minimize  
the site’s interference to other sites.  
The antenna requirements are listed below.  
Antenna  
100 mW  
1 W  
Minimum gain .................... 15 dBi ............. 6 dBi  
Minimum return loss .......... 15 dB .............. 15 dB  
Connector ........................... N-type ............. N-type  
Impedance .......................... 50................. 50Ω  
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SECTION2
INSTALLATION  
UNPACK, INSPECT  
Carefully inspect the TRACER for any shipping damages. If damage is suspected, file a claim  
immediately with the carrier then contact ADTRAN Customer Service. If possible, keep the original  
shipping container for use in shipping the TRACER back for repair or for verification of damage during  
shipment.  
Before beginning installation, verify that all of the following components are present.  
Rackmounted RFC Configuration:  
Provided by ADTRAN  
• Baseband Processor (BBP)  
• Rackmounted RF Converter (RFC)  
• BBP to RFC IF interconnect cable  
Provided by customer  
• E1 Interface cables  
• Antenna feedline cable  
• Antenna and mounting hardware  
• VT100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)  
• 21 to 60 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), either  
polarity referenced to ground  
Mastmounted RFC Configuration:  
Provided by ADTRAN  
• Baseband Processor  
• Mastmounted RF Converter  
Provided by customer  
• E1 interface cables  
• Antenna feedline cable  
• Antenna and mounting hardware  
• BBP to mastmounted RFC IF interconnect cable  
• VT100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)  
• 21 to 60 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), either  
polarity referenced to ground  
INSTALLATION  
Location and Mounting  
Install the TRACER in a location that requires minimal antenna feedline length (the loss in this cable  
directly affects overall system performance). When used with a rackmount RFC the BBP is designed to  
be mounted above the RFC. Although no space is needed between the units, certain regulations may  
require at least 19.05 mm (.75") of space above and below the BBP.  
Power Requirements  
The TRACER can operate from a supply between 21 and 60 volts DC, with either polarity referenced to  
ground, and consumes 30 watts. Amperage is determined by dividing the wattage (30) by the input  
voltage (i.e., 30 watts/48 volts = .625 amps).  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
Grounding  
The following grounding instructions are derived from the Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 1459  
Standard for Safety: Telephone Equipmentdated September 20, 1993.  
An equipment grounding conductor that is no smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply  
conductors is to be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system. Bare, covered, or  
insulated grounding conductors are acceptable. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding  
conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow  
stripes. The equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground at the service equipment.  
The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product or system are all to be of a grounding type,  
and the equipment grounding conductors serving these receptacles are to be connected to earth ground  
at the service equipment.  
A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be installed between the product or system and  
ground that is in addition to the equipment grounding conductor in the power supply cord.  
The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungrounded  
branch-circuit supply conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be  
connected to the product at the terminal provided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner that  
will retain the ground connection when the product is unplugged from the receptacle. The connection to  
ground of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be in compliance with the rules for  
terminating bonding jumpers at Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.  
Termination of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building  
steel, to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded item that is permanently and reliably  
connected to the electrical service equipment ground.  
Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are acceptable. A covered or insulated grounding  
conductor shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow  
stripes.  
The supplemental equipment grounding terminals are located on the rear of the BBP adjacent to the  
power connectors and on the rear of the rackmounted RFC. The mastmounted RFC has a ground lug  
mounted on the installation bracket.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
E1 Interfaces  
The E1 interface conforms to the ITU G.703 and G.704 electrical and signaling interfaces  
recommendations. Two interfacing configurations are available:  
• 75unbalanced BNC coaxial connectors.  
• 120balanced 15 pin / RJ48 connectors with the pinouts shown here.  
15 Pin  
RJ-48  
Pin  
Function  
Pin  
Function  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
E1 Out ring  
Frame ground  
E1 In ring  
Frame ground  
N.C.  
N.C.  
N.C.  
N.C.  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
E1 Out ring  
E1 Out tip  
N.C.  
E1 In ring  
E1 In tip  
N.C.  
N.C.  
N.C.  
9
E1 Out tip  
N.C.  
E1 In tip  
N.C.  
N.C.  
N.C.  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
N.C.  
The 75unbalanced interface provides two pair of 75BNC connectors. The shield of the OUT  
coaxial connection is attached to earth ground. A jumper is provided to optionally connect the shield of  
the INPUT coaxial connection to ground as described in G.703. This jumper is located on the inside of  
the E1 interface board, between each of the two BNC connectors. The E1 module must be removed to  
access this option.  
The 120balanced interface provides two individual 12015-pin connectors.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
Three loopback functions are provided for diagnostic capability of each E1 interface. The local line  
loopback (Loop 1 as illustrated in Figure 2-1) loops the incoming E1 signal back out at the E1 framer.  
The remote link loopback (Loop 3 as illustrated in Figure 2-1) loops the E1 data back to the local end  
from the remote end. This allows a BERT to be run across the microwave link and back. The local link  
loopback (Loop 2 as illustrated in Figure 2-1) allows the local unit to loop E1 data back towards the  
remote end. The available loopback functions are illustrated in Figure 2-1.  
E1  
1
2
RF Link  
3
E1  
Local  
Remote  
Figure 2-1. E1 Loopback Locations  
LINK PLANNING  
I M P O R T A N T  
The appropriate transmitter power must be calculated as part of the link planning.  
The factors that must be taken into account when planning a link are optimal received signal level,  
transmitter power, antenna feedline loss (each end), antenna gain (each end), free space path loss, and  
required fade margin.  
I M P O R T A N T  
The optimal signal level for the receiver is -60 dBm.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
Antenna Feedline Loss  
Feedline loss is a function of feedline type and length. Feedline loss per 30.48 meters (100 feet) for  
several types of coax at IF and RF frequencies is detailed in the table below. The IF loss applies to BBP/  
RFC interconnection, and the RF loss applies to RFC/antenna interconnection. Cable manufacturers’  
specifications may vary.  
IF Loss/100 feet 2.4 GHz RF Loss/100 feet  
(in dB) (in dB)  
5.7 GHz RF Loss/100 feet  
(in dB)  
Cable  
RG58 ..................................................... 5.7 ................................... 80 ............................................N/A  
RG8 (air) ............................................... 2.7 ................................... 20 ............................................N/A  
RG8 (foam) ............................................ 2 ...................................... 9 .............................................N/A  
1/4" Coax ............................................... 1.42 ................................ 5.91 ......................................... 11.36  
3/8" Coax ............................................... 1.25 ................................ 5.76 .......................................... 9.65  
1/2" Coax ............................................... 0.81 ................................ 3.83 .......................................... 6.49  
7/8" Coax ............................................... 0.44 ................................. 2.2 ............................................N/A  
1 1/4" Coax ............................................ 0.33 ................................ 1.62 ...........................................N/A  
1 5/8" Coax ............................................ 0.27 ................................ 1.41 ...........................................N/A  
5.8 GHz Elliptical Waveguide............. N/A ................................ N/A .......................................... 1.23  
Antenna Gain  
Best performance will result from the use of a parabolic dish antenna. Antenna gain is determined by the  
size of the dish, with typical figures detailed below. Dish manufacturers will be able to supply gains for  
other types of antenna.  
Dish Diameter  
(in cm)  
2.4 GHz Gain  
(in dBi)  
5.8 GHz Gain  
(in dBi)  
60.................................... 21 .............................. 28.5  
120................................... 27 .............................. 34.2  
180................................... 31 .............................. 37.5  
243................................... 33 .............................. 40.7  
304................................... 35 .............................. 42.5  
365................................... 37 .............................. 44.2  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
Path Loss  
The free space path loss is given by  
Loss(dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10 f + 20log10D * 1.609344  
where D is distance in kilometers  
f is operating frequency in GHz  
A tabulation of various path loss is given below.  
5.8 GHz  
5.8 GHz  
2.4 GHz  
Link Distance Path Loss Link Distance Path Loss  
(in miles) (in dB) (in miles) (in dB)  
1 ................. 104 13 ................ 126  
2.4 GHz  
Link Distance Path Loss  
Link Distance Path Loss  
(in miles)  
(in dB)  
1 ................ 112  
(in miles)  
(in dB)  
13 ............... 134  
14 ............... 135  
15 ............... 135  
16 ............... 136  
17 ............... 136  
18 ............... 137  
19 ............... 137  
20 ............... 138  
21 ............... 138  
22 ............... 139  
23 ............... 139  
24 ............... 139  
2 ................ 118  
3 ................ 121  
4 ................ 124  
5 ................ 126  
6 ................ 127  
7 ................ 129  
8 ................ 130  
9 ................ 131  
10 ............... 132  
11 ............... 133  
12 ............... 133  
2 ................. 110  
3 ................. 114  
4 ................. 116  
5 ................. 118  
6 ................. 120  
7 ................. 121  
8 ................. 122  
9 ................. 123  
10 ................ 124  
11 ................ 125  
12 ................ 126  
14 ................ 127  
15 ................ 128  
16 ................ 128  
17 ................ 129  
18 ................ 129  
19 ................ 129  
20 ................ 130  
21 ................ 130  
22 ................ 131  
23 ................ 131  
24 ................ 132  
Path Availability  
The availability of a path can be expressed by:  
availability = (1 - C x T x 2.5 x 10 x f x (D x 1.609344) x 10-( / )) x 100%  
-6  
3
F
10  
where C is the climate factor  
T is the terrain factor  
f is the frequency in GHz  
D is the path length in kilometers  
F is the fade margin in dB  
Climate factors are given below.  
Climate  
Climate  
Factor  
Very Dry ............................................................. 1/8  
Temperate ........................................................... 1/4  
Humid ................................................................. 1/2  
Terrain factors are listed below.  
Terrain  
Factor  
Terrain  
Smooth ................................................................ 4  
Average............................................................... 1  
1
Mountainous ...................................................... /4  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
The nominal received signal level is -60 dBm. For help in link planning, use the path loss calculation  
worksheet below.  
- 89 dBm / -87 dBm Minimum Signal Power for 2.4 GHz / 5.8 GHz  
+ _______  
- _______  
+ _______  
- _______  
+ _______  
+ _______  
= _______  
Transmitter Feedline Loss  
Transmitter Antenna Gain  
Path Loss  
Receiver Antenna Gain  
Receiver Feedline Loss  
Required Fade Margin  
(dBm) Transmitter Power Setting  
SETTING THE TRANSMITTER POWER  
The FCC specifies the maximum transmitter power that may be used for antennas of a given gain. FCC  
rules Part 15, Subpart 247 allow for a maximum power of 1 watt into antennae of a gain less than or  
equal to 6 dBi. For every 3 dB of gain over 6 dBi, the transmitter must be reduced by 1 dB. The  
following table lists the maximum transmitter power for given antennae gains. For the 5.8 GHz band,  
there is no reduction in transmitter output power required for antenna gains greater than 6 dBi.  
Antenna Gain  
6 dBi  
12 dBi  
18 dBi  
24 dBi  
Power  
30 dBm (2.4 GHz, 1 watt output option)  
28 dBm (2.4 GHz, 1 watt output option)  
26 dBm (2.4 GHz, 1 watt output option)  
24 dBm (2.4 GHz, 1 watt output option)  
22 dBm (2.4 GHz, 1 watt output option)  
20 dBm (TRACER, 2.4 GHz, 100 mw output option)  
30 dBi  
36 dBi  
The transmitter power is set by way of a momentary switch on the front panel of the BBP or via the  
configuration page of the VT100 interface. The RFC must be attached by way of the IF cable during this  
operation. Attach an RF power meter to the N-type antenna connector on the RFC, and adjust the power  
by way of the front panel switch or VT100 until the desired transmitter power is obtained. If a  
mastmount RF converter is used, the transmitter power adjustment should be made before the RFC is  
installed on the mast.  
2.4 GHZ, 1 WATT TRANSMITTER OPTION  
The 2.4 GHz TRACER model is offered with a standard +20 dBm power output or optional 1 watt power  
output option. The 1 watt option provides an add-on amplifier that is installed in the rackmount RFC  
chassis. This amplifier is connected to the transmit cable of the RFC module and amplifies the +20 dBm  
output power to a maximum level of +30 dBm (1 watt), factory set to +27 dBm. The output power is  
proportional to the output level from the RFC module. The level is adjusted via the Baseband Processor  
front panel or VT100 terminal.  
Because the 1 watt amplifier is frequency specific, the frequency plans can not be manually changed by  
swapping the TX and RX cables in the RFC chassis as described in the following section. If a frequency  
reversal is required, the rackmount RFCs will have to be relocated to the opposite ends of the microwave  
path. The 1 watt option is only available for the 2.4 GHz, rackmount RF converter.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ON NON 1 WATT 2.4 GHZ MODELS  
The frequency plan designates on which frequencies the TRACER transmits and receives. Plan A  
corresponds to a transmitting (Tx) center frequency of 2422 MHz and a receive (Rx) center frequency of  
2462 MHz. Plan B corresponds to a Tx center frequency of 2462 MHz and a Rx center frequency of  
2422 MHz. Shipment of a link consists of one RFC set to Plan A and the other set to Plan B unless  
specified otherwise. The RFC plan can, however, be changed in the field if required. This procedure  
involves reconfiguring the RFC interconnect cables.  
For rackmounted systems, do the following to reconfigure the RFC interconnect:  
1. Remove the six screws which retain the RFC cover and remove the cover.  
2. The RF unit may be identified by following the connection from the port labelled “IF” on the  
rear of the RFC. This connection terminates at the RF unit. The diplexer may be identified  
by following the connection from the “Antenna” port on the rear of the RFC. This  
connection terminates at the diplexer, illustrated in Figure 2-2.  
J
1
A
N
T
J2  
Figure 2-2. 2.4 GHz Diplexer  
3. Unscrew the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and “Rx” on the RFC, and the  
ports labelled “J1” and “J2” on the diplexer, depending on the frequency Plan (Plan A or  
Plan B).  
4. Unscrew the cable assembly from the port labelled “ANT” on the diplexer.  
5. Remove the four screws from the bottom of the RFC that hold the diplexer in place.  
6. Turn the diplexer over revealing the opposite frequency plan (from Plan A to Plan B, or vice  
versa).  
7. Realign the diplexer with the screw holes and replace the four screws that attach it to the  
bottom of the RFC.  
8. Reattach the loose cable assembly (from step 4) to the port labelled “Antenna” on the  
diplexer. Minimum bend radius on cables is 3/4 inches (2 cm). Exercise care in handling  
and forming bends in these cables.  
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Section 2 Installation  
9. Reattach the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and “Rx” on the RFC and the  
ports labelled “J1” and “J2” on the diplexer. Cable connections should be aligned to each  
other as follows.  
Plan A  
Plan B  
RF converter Tx connected to  
Diplexer Port J1  
RF converter Tx connected to  
Diplexer Port J2  
RF converter Rx connected to  
Diplexer Port J2  
RF converter Rx connected to  
Diplexer Port J1  
10. Replace and secure the RFC cover.  
For mastmounted systems, do the following to reconfigure the RFC interconnect:  
1. Remove the lid of the mast RFC.  
2. Disconnect the three cables attached to the diplexer. The diplexer may be identified by  
following the antenna connector to the middle connector of the diplexer. Leave the cables in  
the same positions.  
3. Remove the two screws securing the diplexer and rotate the diplexer to reveal the opposite  
frequency plan label.  
4. Reinstall the two screws and reattach the cables in the same positions – Minimum bend  
radius on cables is 3/4 inches (2 cm). Exercise care in handling and forming bends in these  
cables.  
5. Reinstall the lid of the mast RFC.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ON 5.8 GHZ MODELS  
The 5.8 GHz RFC operates on Plan A, Tx = 5747 MHz center frequency, Rx = 5827 MHz center  
frequency or Plan B, Tx = 5827 MHz center frequency, Rx = 5747 MHz center frequency. See Figure  
2-3 for an illustration of the 5.8 GHz diplexer.  
Plan A  
Plan B  
RFC “Tx” connected to diplexer “CHAN 1”  
RFC “Rx” connected to diplexer “CHAN 2”  
RFC “Tx” connected to diplexer “CHAN 2”  
RFC “Rx” connected to diplexer “CHAN 1”  
A
N
T
C
H
A
N
1
C
H
A
N
2
Figure 2-3. 5.8 GHz Diplexer  
Directions for Changing the Frequency Plan on the Rackmount RFC  
1. Remove RFC top cover by removing six screws.  
2. Disconnect the cables at the “Tx” and “Rx” RFC module ports. Swap and reconnect these  
two cables to the RFC module ports. Minimum bend radius on these cables is 3/4 inch  
(2 cm). Use care in handling and forming bends in these cables.  
3. Reinstall the RFC top cover with the six screws previously removed.  
Directions for Changing the Frequency Plan on the Mastmount RFC  
1. Remove the lid of the Mast RFC.  
2. Disconnect the two cables at both ends; at the diplexer and RFC module.  
3. Swap and reconnect these cables. Minimum bend radius on these cables is 3/4 inch. Use  
care in handling and forming bends in these cables.  
4. Reinstall the lid of the Mast RFC.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFC  
The BBP and the RFC are connected by an IF cable, either supplied by ADTRAN (for rackmount  
assembly) or by the customer (for mastmount assembly). This single connection provides everything the  
RFC requires. The cable assembly attaches to the ports labeled “IF” on the BBP and the RFC.  
CAUTION  
When connecting an RF converter (RFC) to a Baseband Processor (BBP), verify that the connector  
labeled “IF” on the rear panel of the Baseband Processor is connected via coax to the connector  
labeled “IF” on the rear panel of the RF converter. Connecting the Baseband Processor to the  
incorrect connector on the RF converter will cause the internal 1 amp 250 V fuse to blow in the  
Baseband Processor. The fuse is accessed by removing the top of the Baseband Processor, and is  
located on the left side of the chassis when facing the front panel.  
APPLYING POWER  
If the ADTRAN-supplied tabletop power source is used, simply plug it into the circular receptacle  
located in the “DC Power” area on the rear of the BBP. If a source of 21 to 60 volts DC (30 watts),  
either polarity referenced to ground is available, it may be attached to the terminal block located on the  
rear of the BBP. Ground (or common) should be applied to the terminal with the ground symbol (Terminal 1)  
and positive or negative voltage should be applied to the “+/-” terminal (Terminal 3). When a positive voltage  
reference power supply is used (+24V for example), connect the ground (or “-”) cable from the power supply  
to the ground terminal (Terminal 1) and the “+” cable from the power supply to the “+/-” terminal (Terminal  
3). When a negative reference power supply is used (-48V for example), connect the ground cable from the  
power supply to the ground terminal (Terminal 1) and the “-” cable from the power supply to the “+/-”  
terminal (Terminal 3).  
C A U T I O N  
Power sources must not be attached to both the circular connector and the terminal blocks at  
the same time or damage will occur.  
AUTOMATIC BBP FREQUENCY PLAN  
Upon the initial application of power, the BBP will default to the factory-preset Frequency Plan, or to the  
Frequency Plan determined by the cable configuration of the RFC. The LED will indicate which  
frequency plan is active. On subsequent reboots, such as after a loss of power, the BBP will default to  
the most recently-used Plan setting.  
SPREADING CODE  
The spreading code for each end must be the same. The choice of operating code is selectable by the  
operator or the installer. TRACER is shipped in a matched (default) configuration.  
WARNING  
Spreading code to be set through the VT100 interface from the other end of the link. If the new  
spreadingcodeisunknown, stepthelocalendofthelinkthroughallotherspreadingcodesuntil  
the link is reestablished.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE SYSTEMS  
When multiple transmitters are to be co-located (installed in the same equipment room or on the same  
tower), it is advised to set all systems as follows:  
1. If more than one system in the same frequency band is transmitting from the same location,  
set the antenna polarity of one system horizontal and the other system(s) vertical. (The  
antennas should be marked as to which mounting position is vertical or horizontal.) This  
will provide approximately 30 dB of isolation between the different antennas.  
2. If more than one TRACER system is installed, set the co-located transmitters to the same  
frequency plan (example: Plan A or Plan B) and set each to a different spreading code. This  
keeps the transmitters on the additional system(s) from interfering with the co-located  
receiver(s).  
3. If the systems are from different manufacturers, set the transmit frequencies as close as  
possible with different spreading codes. Other manufacturers may not use the exact  
frequency plans as the TRACER system, but keeping the frequencies close will reduce the  
probability of the transmitter(s) interfering with the co-located receiver(s).  
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT  
After the transmitter power for each end has been adjusted and the BBP and RFC have been installed and  
connected, the antenna should be connected to the RFC via the feedline. Verify that both antennas are  
arranged on the same polarity: vertical or horizontal. The antennas should be aimed toward one another  
as precisely as possible and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) voltage measured. The RSSI  
voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver and is used to measure the received signal  
strength. RSSI varies approximately from 0 to >4 volts, with 0 volts corresponding to a weaker received  
signal and 4 volts or better corresponding to a stronger received signal.  
NOTE  
The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents a relative signal level of receive strength  
from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage level and actual receive  
level in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antenna.  
RF LOW  
The “RF Low” LED indicates that the received signal is within 10dB of the minimum received signal  
strength (RSL < approximately -80 dBm). If this indicator is on, the link performance may be marginal.  
The antennas should be peaked in azimuth and elevation until the desired signal level is achieved. RSSI  
may be monitored on either the RF unit or the front of the BBP. If the received signal is too strong and  
RSSI reaches a maximum such that the peak cannot be discerned, then the transmitter on the far end  
should be turned down.  
At this point the radio link should be operational. Proper operation can be determined by the status of  
the “LINK DOWN” LED. If this LED is on, the link is not operational. If this LED is not on, the link is  
operating. Certain types of interference can cause one end of a path to operate and the other end to fail.  
In some instances, this may be corrected by swapping the frequency plan at each end, thus avoiding the  
interference if it is stronger at one end than the other. Changing the spreading code at each end may also  
allow interference to be mitigated.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
REMOTE BERT  
The TRACER includes a Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) to verify that the installed system is operating  
correctly. When the “Remote Test” button is pushed on the local BBP, the remote end will send a BERT  
pattern for approximately ten seconds. The “Remote TST” indicator will turn yellow and remain on for  
the duration of the test. If no bit errors are detected, the “Remote TST” indicator will turn off. If any bit  
errors are detected, the “Remote Fail” indicator will turn red. This test should be run after the radio link  
has been aligned. If the test fails, refer to Section 4, “Troubleshooting,” for guidance.  
ALARM CONTACTS  
Two classes of alarm, MAJOR and MINOR, are provided. A MAJOR alarm is signaled when the  
microwave path is not operational. A MINOR alarm is activated when any of the following conditions  
are detected at one of the E1 interfaces:  
Loss of Signal  
Code Violation  
CRC error  
Framing Error  
Remote Error  
UA1  
Both normally-open and normally-closed contacts are provided for each alarm class. Access is provided  
by a six-position terminal strip on the baseband processor.  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 2 Installation  
24  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
SECTION 3 OPERATION  
VT100 USER INTERFACE  
The TRACER may be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data  
bits, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port on the back of the unit. Once a terminal is connected,  
pressing the “Ctrl” and “L” keys will redraw the current screen. If password access has been enabled,  
then press “Enter” or “Return” in order to see the “Enter Password:” message. TRACER is shipped with  
password protection disabled.  
RS-232 INTERFACE  
The TRACER has an RS-232 interface for system management via an attached VT100 terminal, personal  
computer, or modem. The RS-232 port is configured as a DCE with the following pin assignments:  
Signal  
Pin  
Name Number  
Direction  
TXD  
RXD  
RTS  
2
3
4
5
6
7
To TRACER  
From TRACER  
To TRACER  
From TRACER  
From TRACER  
CTS  
DSR  
Ground  
CABLE CONNECTIONS  
The cable connections required for various configurations are detailed in Appendix A of this manual.  
PASSWORD  
TRACER provides optional password protection of the terminal interface. If enabled, a password  
prompt is presented at power-up, reboot, or after thirty minutes of inactivity on the terminal. The default  
configuration is “No password.” Password protection is enabled via the configuration menu. The  
password is also set via the configuration menu.  
If the password is forgotten, physical access to TRACER is required to access the terminal interface.  
The password may be bypassed by holding in the LPBK A button while the system is rebooted. This will  
bring up the terminal interface and allow the password to be changed or disabled via the configuration  
screen.  
CAUTION  
This procedure is service-affecting.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
25  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 3 Operation  
MAIN MENU SELECTIONS  
System Status Screen  
The screen in Figure 3-1 displays the status of major system components. This is a status screen only;  
no configurations can be performed. More detailed information can be obtained by way of the Main  
Menu (Figure 3-2).  
TRACER SYSTEM STATUS  
ELAPSED TIME: 00000 DAYS, 00:00:07  
ADTRAN TECHNICAL SUPPORT - 256/963-8716  
-----  
-----  
E1A ===| C | / ->>---->>---->>----[ RF UP ]---->>---->>---->>- \ | C |=== E1A  
| S |#(- -)#| S |  
E1B ===| U | \ -<<----<<----<<----[ RF UP ]----<<----<<----<<- / | U |=== E1B  
-----  
LOCAL TRACER  
-----  
REMOTE TRACER  
FREQ PLAN B  
FREQ PLAN A  
SITE: ADTRAN  
MIN  
NOM  
MIN  
NOM  
[###################_]  
RX POWER  
[###################_]  
RX POWER  
RFC LINK UP:  
CODE SYNC:  
YES  
YES  
MIN  
MAX  
CARRIER SYNC: YES  
MIN  
MAX  
[####################]  
TX POWER  
E1 MUX SYNC:  
YES  
[####################]  
TX POWER  
CHIPPING CODE: 0  
=============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU:  
Figure 3-1. System Status Screen  
The upper portion of the screen indicates how long the system has been running since the last reset  
operation. The “E1A” and “E1B” labels will be highlighted if any error conditions exist on that E1  
interface.  
The status of the radio link is indicated as Up or Down. The left portion of the screen reports the status  
of the local system (the system to which the terminal is attached); the right portion reports the status of  
the remote system. The approximate transmitter and receiver signal levels are shown via the bar graphs.  
If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, the bar graphs will show “-” instead of “x.” RFC  
Link Up indicates if communications exist on the IF cable connecting the baseband processor to the radio  
frequency converter. The Code Sync, Carrier Sync, and E1 Mux Sync will all be “yes” for an  
operational link. Chipping code indicates the code to which the system is set.  
26  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 3 Operation  
Main Menu Screen  
Pressing “M” on any screen will take the user to the Main Menu (see Figure 3-2), from which the  
subsequent screens can be accessed.  
TRACER MAIN MENU  
ELAPSED TIME: 00000 DAYS, 00:00:07  
===============================================================================  
0) TRACER STATUS PAGE  
1) TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION MENU  
2) TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
3) E1A STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK MENU  
4) E1A PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
5) E1B STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK MENU  
6) E1B PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
===============================================================================  
PRESS MENU NUMBER, OR [ARROW KEYS] - MOVE UP AND DOWN, [SPACE] - SELECT:  
Figure 3-2. Main Menu Screen  
To make changes to any of the items in the System Configuration Menu (Figure 3-3), use the keyboard  
Arrow keys to highlight desired option and make change.  
TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION  
ELAPSED TIME: 00000 DAYS, 00:00:07  
===============================================================================  
LOCAL TRACER  
-------------  
REMOTE TRACER  
-------------  
MIN  
NOM  
MIN  
NOM  
RX POWER:  
TX POWER:  
[###################_]  
[###################_]  
MIN  
MAX  
MIN  
MAX  
[####################]  
[####################]  
CHIPPING CODE:  
SITE NAME:  
0
0
ADTRAN LOCAL  
ON  
ADTRAN REMOTE  
MODEM CONTROL:  
OFF  
NO  
PASSWORD ENABLE: NO  
PASSWORD:  
*******  
*******  
OFF  
FRONT PANEL LOCK: ON  
PERFORMANCE STATS:CLEAR  
CLEAR  
(*) —INDICATES THAT SETTING DIFFERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘U’,’D’ - MOVE UP AND DOWN, [SPACE] - SELECT:  
Figure 3-3. System Configuration Menu Screen  
Set Tx Power allows the transmitter power to be adjusted.  
Set Chipping Code allows the chipping code to be selected. Each end of the link must be configured for  
the same chipping code.  
Site ID allows a string of up to 32 characters to be entered as a site identifier.  
Enable/Disable Password allows password protection to be enabled or disabled. The default setting is  
Disabled.  
Change Password allows the password to be set.  
Performance Stats resets all the error counters.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
27  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 3 Operation  
E1 Status / Configuration / Loopback  
The status of the two E1 interfaces is displayed on this screen. Information such as alarm status,  
signaling, line coding, and CRC4 Detection framing type are shown. From this screen the E1 can be  
configured for a particular application by using the keyboard cursor keys to highlight the desired option  
and perform the change. A local or remote loopback may be activated or deactivated from this screen.  
The E1A Status Screen is illustrated in Figure 3-4, and the E1B Status Screen is illustrated in  
Figure 3-5.  
E1A STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK  
RX ==>|----|->>---->>---->>----{  
| LOCAL {/\/\/\/\}  
TX <==|----|-<<----<<----<<----{ UP }----<<----<<----<<-|-+ |X== RX  
RF  
}---->>---->>---->>-|-+ |==> TX  
|
REMOTE | |  
|
LOCAL TRACER  
------------  
UA1 RMT LOS  
OOF CV CRC  
REMOTE TRACER  
-------------  
E1 INTERFACE ALARMS:  
E1 INTERFACE TYPE:  
UA1  
LOS  
120 OHM  
75 OHM  
ALARM REPORTING:  
CRC4 DETECTION:  
SIGNALING:  
ENABLED  
ENABLED  
CAS  
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
CAS  
LINE CODE:  
HDB3  
HDB3  
LOOP/NORMAL STATE:  
NORMAL  
NORMAL  
(*) —INDICATES THAT SETTING DIFFERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘U’,’D’ - MOVE UP AND DOWN, [SPACE] - SELECT:  
Figure 3-4. E1A Status Screen  
E1B STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK  
RX ==>|----|->>---->>---->>----{  
| LOCAL {/\/\/\/\}  
TX <==|----|-<<----<<----<<----{ UP }----<<----<<----<<-|-+ |X== RX  
RF  
}---->>---->>---->>-|-+ |==> TX  
|
REMOTE | |  
|
LOCAL TRACER  
------------  
UA1 RMT LOS  
OOF CV CRC  
REMOTE TRACER  
-------------  
E1 INTERFACE ALARMS:  
E1 INTERFACE TYPE:  
UA1  
LOS  
120 OHM  
75 OHM  
ALARM REPORTING:  
CRC4 DETECTION:  
SIGNALING:  
ENABLED  
ENABLED  
CAS  
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
CAS  
LINE CODE:  
HDB3  
HDB3  
LOOP/NORMAL STATE:  
NORMAL  
NORMAL  
(*) —INDICATES THAT SETTING DIFFERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘U’,’D’ - MOVE UP AND DOWN, [SPACE] - SELECT:  
Figure 3-5. E1B Status Screen  
28  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 3 Operation  
Link Performance History  
The screen in Figure 3-6 presents detailed error statistics for the RF link. The data is presented as RFC  
(Radio Frequency Converter) and LNK (RF Link) representing seconds out of service for each. RFC  
represents the communications channel between the BBP and RFC via the IF interconnect cable. LNK  
represents errored seconds received on the wireless link and is generally an indication of path or  
interference problems. Error History for the most recent 24 hours is recorded in 15-minute increments,  
and 24-hour totals are recorded for the most recent 7 days. To view the next eight hours (32 15-minute  
intervals) of performance history, press “N”. To view the previous eight hours, press “P”. This  
information is available for both ends of the link.  
LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
24 HOUR REGISTERS  
15 MINUTE REGISTERS  
--RFC---LNK----RFC---LNK--  
--RFC-LNK--RFC-LNK--------RFC-LNK--RFC-LNK-  
00000 00000 00000 00000 <--> 000 000 000 000  
-1: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-2: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-3: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-4: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-5: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-6: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-7: ----- ----- ----- -----  
- 1: --- --- --- ---  
- 2: --- --- --- ---  
- 3: --- --- --- ---  
- 4: --- --- --- ---  
- 5: --- --- --- ---  
- 6: --- --- --- ---  
- 7: --- --- --- ---  
- 8: --- --- --- ---  
- 9: --- --- --- ---  
-10: --- --- --- ---  
-11: --- --- --- ---  
-12: --- --- --- ---  
-13: --- --- --- ---  
-14: --- --- --- ---  
-15: --- --- --- ---  
-16: --- --- --- ---  
-17: --- --- --- ---  
-18: --- --- --- ---  
-19: --- --- --- ---  
-20: --- --- --- ---  
-21: --- --- --- ---  
-22: --- --- --- ---  
-23: --- --- --- ---  
-24: --- --- --- ---  
-25: --- --- --- ---  
-26: --- --- --- ---  
-27: --- --- --- ---  
-28: --- --- --- ---  
-29: --- --- --- ---  
-30: --- --- --- ---  
-31: --- --- --- ---  
-32: --- --- --- ---  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘P’ - PREVIOUS PAGE, ‘N’ - NEXT PAGE:  
Figure 3-6. Link Performance History Screen  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
29  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 3 Operation  
E1A Statistics Page  
The screen in Figure 3-7 presents detailed error statistics for E1A. The data is presented as Errored  
Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. Error History for the most recent 24 hours is recorded in  
15-minute increments, and 24-hour totals are recorded for the most recent 7 days. To view the next eight  
hours (32 15-minute intervals) of performance history, press “N”. To view the previous eight hours,  
press “P”. This information is available for both ends of the link.  
E1A PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
24 HOUR REGISTERS  
15 MINUTE REGISTERS  
---ES---SES-----ES---SES--  
--ES-SES---ES-SES--------ES-SES---ES-SES-  
00000 00000 00000 00000 <--> 000 000 000 000  
-1: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-2: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-3: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-4: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-5: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-6: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-7: ----- ----- ----- -----  
- 1: --- --- --- --- -17: --- --- --- ---  
- 2: --- --- --- --- -18: --- --- --- ---  
- 3: --- --- --- --- -19: --- --- --- ---  
- 4: --- --- --- --- -20: --- --- --- ---  
- 5: --- --- --- --- -21: --- --- --- ---  
- 6: --- --- --- --- -22: --- --- --- ---  
- 7: --- --- --- --- -23: --- --- --- ---  
- 8: --- --- --- --- -24: --- --- --- ---  
- 9: --- --- --- --- -25: --- --- --- ---  
-10: --- --- --- --- -26: --- --- --- ---  
-11: --- --- --- --- -27: --- --- --- ---  
-12: --- --- --- --- -28: --- --- --- ---  
-13: --- --- --- --- -29: --- --- --- ---  
-14: --- --- --- --- -30: --- --- --- ---  
-15: --- --- --- --- -31: --- --- --- ---  
-16: --- --- --- --- -32: --- --- --- ---  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘P’ - PREVIOUS PAGE, ‘N’ - NEXT PAGE:  
Figure 3-7. E1A Statistics Screen  
E1B Statistics Page  
The screen in Figure 3-8 presents detailed error statistics for E1B. The data is presented as Errored  
Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. Error History for the most recent 24 hours is recorded in  
15-minute increments, and 24-hour totals are recorded for the most recent 7 days. To view the next  
eight hours (32 15-minute intervals) of performance history, press “N”. To view the previous eight  
hours, press “P”. This information is available for both ends of the link.  
E1B PERFORMANCE HISTORY  
24 HOUR REGISTERS  
15 MINUTE REGISTERS  
---ES---SES-----ES---SES--  
--ES-SES---ES-SES---------ES-SES---ES-SES-  
00000 00000 00000 00000 <--> 000 000 000 000  
-1: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-2: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-3: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-4: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-5: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-6: ----- ----- ----- -----  
-7: ----- ----- ----- -----  
- 1: --- --- --- ---  
- 2: --- --- --- ---  
- 3: --- --- --- ---  
- 4: --- --- --- ---  
- 5: --- --- --- ---  
- 6: --- --- --- ---  
- 7: --- --- --- ---  
- 8: --- --- --- ---  
- 9: --- --- --- ---  
-10: --- --- --- ---  
-11: --- --- --- ---  
-12: --- --- --- ---  
-13: --- --- --- ---  
-14: --- --- --- ---  
-15: --- --- --- ---  
-16: --- --- --- ---  
-17: --- --- --- ---  
-18: --- --- --- ---  
-19: --- --- --- ---  
-20: --- --- --- ---  
-21: --- --- --- ---  
-22: --- --- --- ---  
-23: --- --- --- ---  
-24: --- --- --- ---  
-25: --- --- --- ---  
-26: --- --- --- ---  
-27: --- --- --- ---  
-28: --- --- --- ---  
-29: --- --- --- ---  
-30: --- --- --- ---  
-31: --- --- --- ---  
-32: --- --- --- ---  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
LOCAL  
REMOTE  
===============================================================================  
PRESS ‘M’ - MAIN MENU, ‘P’ - PREVIOUS PAGE, ‘N’ - NEXT PAGE:  
Figure 3-8. E1B Statistics Screen  
30  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
SECTION 4 TROUBLESHOOTING  
GENERAL  
If you experience a problem with the TRACER system, check to ensure that all connectors, coaxial  
cables, antennas, and E1s are all properly connected; and that the system configuration ensures proper  
transmit and receive levels for the RF equipment. Then, if the problem persists, follow the actions  
recommended in this section. For further assistance, call ADTRAN Technical Support at  
(011) 256-963-8716.  
N O T E  
Each TRACER is completely system-tested and all specifications verified prior to shipment. Most  
problems on a new link tend to have installation-related solutions.  
PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS  
Each problem described below is followed by a list of Possible Causes, each of which is followed by a  
number (or numbers) corresponding to a Recommended Action (or Actions).  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Troubleshooting Using the Front Panel Indicators  
Link Down Light is Lit  
This alarm will activate when the RF link is not operational.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
The RF link is down. ................................................................................... 1-10  
The RX power is below the specified receiver sensitivity................... 1-4,7-10  
The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting low power................ 1-4,7-10  
The RF path is not aligned. ...................................................................... 1,2,10  
Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................................... 1,4  
Both units are set to the same frequency plan............................................. 5,10  
Both units are not set to the same P/N code..................................................... 6  
The 1 amp 250 V fuse in the BBP is blown. .................................................... 8  
The connection between the BBP and the RFC is faulty. ........................ 1,7-10  
The connection between the RFC and the antenna is faulty. ................... 1,7-10  
The BBP or RFC is faulty. ............................................................................. 10  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
31  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the RX power using the VT100 user interface or RSSI voltage.  
2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power.  
3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have  
path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering.  
4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.  
5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT100 user interface or front panel button.  
6. Set both units to the same P/N code.  
7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.  
8. Check the fuse on the IF board. This fuse is accessed by removing the top of the baseband  
processor, and is located on the left side of the chassis when facing the front panel. If this  
fuse is open, verify that the coax connections are correctly installed and check the BBP to  
RFC coaxial cable for a short.  
9. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.  
10. Check the connections inside the mastmount or rackmount RFC.  
11. Replace the RFC.  
CV/CRC Light on E1A or E1B is Lit – when CRC is enabled  
The CV indicator will activate when the incoming E1 stream presents Code Violations or a CRC4 error.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
The incoming E1 contains CVs or CRC errors ........................................... 1  
The line codes between E1 equipment and the TRACER  
are incompatible........................................................................................... 2  
The incoming E1 lines have CRC4 error checking turned off .................... 3  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the incoming E1 signal for CVs and CRCs using an E1 test set.  
2. Correct the line code on the TRACER or E1 equipment.  
3. Turn off CRC4 detection on TRACER.  
32  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
“LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is Lit  
This indicator will activate when a software or front panel command E1 loopback has been established.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
A loopback has been commanded from the VT100 user interface. ......... 1,2  
The LBK-Aor LBK-Bbutton has been pressed. .............................. 1,2  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Through the VT100 user interface, deactivate the loopback in the Loopback Menu.  
2. Press the LBK-Aor LBK-Bbutton to deactivate the loopback.  
LOS/OOF Light on E1A or E1B  
The LOS/OOF indicator will flash when an out of frame error has occurred.  
This indicator will remain on (solid) if a loss of signal has occurred on the E1.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
TRACER is receiving no E1 signal ..............................................1,2, 3, 4, 5  
The connection at the E1 input or E1 equipment is faulty .......................... 6  
A compatibility or set up problem exists between TRACER and the  
E1 equipment……. ...................................................................................... 7  
Recommended Action  
1. Reset the E1 equipment and verify operation.  
2. Verify the presence of an E1 signal using an E1 test set.  
3. Check the far-end equipment for alarms or an UA1 condition.  
4. Check the E1 connections at the far-end equipment.  
5. Reset the far-end equipment.  
6. Verify that all cables and connectors are properly wired.  
7. Check CCS/CAS settings of all equipment to assure compatibility.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
33  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
ALM is Lit  
When the ALM light is on (solid), it indicates reception of an UA1 signal at the E1 interface.  
If the ALMis blinking, it indicates an RRA alarm has been received.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
TRACER has received an unframed all 1s signal from the E1 input...... 1  
TRACER has received a Received Remote Alarm (RRA) signal from  
the E1 input .................................................................................................. 1  
Recommended Action  
1. Check E1 equipment for error conditions.  
No “Power” Light  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
DC voltage is not applied ...................................................................... 1,2,4  
The polarity of the power connection is reversed ....................................... 2  
The AC transformer is not functioning properly ...................................... 3,4  
The AC transformer is not connected to the DC jack on the BBP,  
or not connected to AC outlet................................................................... 3,4  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Verify that the DC voltage is between 21-60 VDC ( ).  
2. Verify that negative voltage is applied to the negative terminal, and positive voltage applied  
to the positive terminal.  
3. Verify that the Powerlight is lit on the AC transformer.  
4. Verify that the AC transformer is connected to an AC power cord on the transformer and  
connected to the DC jack on the BBP. Verify that the AC power cord is connected to an AC  
outlet. Verify that the AC outlet has proper AC voltage present.  
34  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
“Test” Light is Lit or Blinking  
The test alarm will remain on (solid) during power-up, indicating a self-test is in progress. The light will  
flash or remain on (solid) if the self-test fails.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
One-flash interval indicates a RAM test failure. ......................................... 1  
Two-flash interval indicates an internal mux failure. ................................. 1  
Three-flash interval indicates the E1-A framer failed................................. 1  
Four-flash interval indicates the E1-B framer failed................................... 1  
Five-flash interval indicates a DSP failure. ................................................. 1  
On (solid) indicates a faulty internal component. ....................................... 1  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Replace the BBP.  
“TST” Light is Lit After Pressing “Remote Test” Button  
The Remote Test light will activate during a remote test in progress. The Remote Test performs a  
10-second bit error rate test (BERT) over the RF link to the far-end.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
A Remote Test has been activated from the front panel Remote Test”  
button or the VT100 user interface.............................................................. 1  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Allow the remote test to complete. If the Remote Test Fail light does not activate, the  
remote test passed. If the Remote Test Fail light activates, see section on FAIL light is lit  
after pressing Remote Test button.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
35  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
“Fail” Light is Lit After Pressing “Remote Test” Button  
The Remote Fail light will activate after a Remote Test has failed.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
The 10-second BERT has failed over the RF link to the far-end. .................. 1  
The RX power may be below the specified receiver sensitivity .................... 1  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Verify that the RF Lowlight is off.  
“RF Low” Light is On  
This alarm will activate if the RX power is below approximately -80 dBm.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The RX power is below approximately -80 dBm.................................. 1-5,7,8  
The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting low power. ................ 2-5,7,8  
The RF path is not aligned........................................................................... 3,8  
Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ......................................... 4,8  
Recommended Actions:.  
1. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power.  
2. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have  
path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering.  
3. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.  
4. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.  
5. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.  
6. Check the connections inside the mastmount or rackmount RFC.  
7. Replace the RFC.  
36  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Troubleshooting Using the VT100 User Interface  
This section provides information for troubleshooting the Alarm Menu on the VT100 user interface. The  
conditions present in the Alarm Menu are software indications and should match the front panel LED  
indications.  
LOS Alarm  
The LOS alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page. This alarm is the  
same as an LOS alarm on the front panel.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
No E1 signal or a degraded E1 signal is present at the E1 input. ............ 1,2  
The connection at the E1 input or E1 equipment is faulty. ......................... 2  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Verify the presence of an E1 signal at the E1 monitor jack using an E1 test set.  
2. Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.  
CV Alarm  
The CV alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The incoming E1 contains CVs or errors. ................................................... 1  
The line codes between the E1 equipment and the  
TRACER are incompatible.......................................................................... 2  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the incoming E1 signal for CVs using an E1 test set.  
2. Correct the line code on the TRACER or E1 equipment.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
37  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
OOF Alarm  
The OOF alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The E1 signal has lost framing sync ............................................................ 1  
The line codes between the E1 equipment and the  
TRACER are incompatible.......................................................................... 2  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Verify the presence of an E1 signal at the E1 monitor jack using an E1 test set.  
2. Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.  
CRC Alarm  
The CRC alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The incoming E1 signal is not configured for CRC4 error checking ......... 1  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Turn off CRC4 detection in the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback Menu.  
RMT Alarm  
This alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The far-end equipment is in an LOS condition and  
transmitting a RMT alarm ........................................................................ 1,2,3  
38  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a LOS condition.  
2. Check the E1 connections at the far-end equipment.  
3. Reset the far-end equipment.  
UA1 Alarm  
This alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.  
Recommended Action  
(see list below)  
Possible Cause  
The E1 equipment is sending unframed all 1s ........................................... 1,2  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Reset the upstream equipment and verify normal operation.  
2. Verify the presence of an E1 signal at the E1 monitor jack using an E1 test set.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
39  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Code Sync Status  
The Code Sync Status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when the link is down or  
not operational. The Code Sync Status will indicate NO when data synchronization has not been  
achieved between each end of the RF link.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
The RF link is down ..................................................................................1-10  
The RX power is below the specified receiver sensitivity .................... 1-4,7-10  
The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting low power .............. 1-4,7-10  
The RF path is not aligned...................................................................... 1,3,10  
Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors .......................................... 1,4  
Both units are set to the same frequency ................................................... 5,10  
Both units are not set to the same P/N code ................................................... 6  
The connection between the BBP and the RFC is faulty ....................... 1,7-10  
The connection between the RFC and the antenna is faulty .................. 1,7-10  
The BBP or RFC is faulty............................................................................. 10  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the RX power using the VT100 user interface or RSSI voltage.  
2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power.  
3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have  
path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering.  
4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.  
5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT100 user interface or front panel button.  
6. Set both units to the same P/N code.  
7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.  
8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.  
9. Check connections inside the mastmount or rackmount RFC.  
10. Replace the RFC.  
40  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
I M P O R T A N T  
If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN  
Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.  
Carrier Sync Status or E1 Mux Sync Status  
The Carrier Sync status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when frequency  
synchronization has not been achieved between each end of the the RF Link. The E1 Mux Sync Status  
will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when synchronization between the E1 mux on  
each radio has not been achieved.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
The RF link is down. ................................................................................. 1-10  
The RX power is below the specified receiver sensitivity..................... 1-4,7-10  
The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting low power. ............. 1-4,7-10  
The RF path is not aligned...................................................................... 1,3,10  
Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ......................................... 1,4  
Both units are set to the same frequency. .................................................. 5,10  
Both units are not set to the same P/N code. .................................................. 6  
The connection between the BBP and the RFC is faulty. ...................... 1,7-10  
The connection between the RFC and the antenna is faulty. ................. 1,7-10  
The BBP or RFC is faulty............................................................................. 10  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the RX power using the VT100 user interface or RSSI voltage.  
2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power.  
3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have  
path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering.  
4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.  
5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT100 user interface or front panel button.  
6. Set both units to the same P/N code.  
7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.  
8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.  
9. Check connections inside the mastmount or rackmount RFC.  
10. Replace the RFC.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
41  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
RFC Link Up Status  
The RF Link Up Status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when communication  
between the BBP and RFC has failed.  
Recommended Action  
Possible Cause  
(see list below)  
Failure of the IF cable..................................................................................... 1  
Fuse blown in BBP. ........................................................................................ 2  
Loose cable connections in the RFC. ............................................................. 3  
Failure of the BBP. ......................................................................................... 4  
Failure of the RFC. ......................................................................................... 5  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the IF cable for shorts or loose connections.  
2. Check for blown fuse in the BBP. This fuse is accessed by removing the top of the  
Baseband Processor, and is located on the left side of the chassis when facing the front  
panel. If this fuse is open, verify that the coax connections are correctly installed and check  
the BBP to RFC coaxial cable for a short.  
3. Check all connections in the RFC.  
4. Replace the BBP.  
5. Replace the RFC.  
ES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu  
This value indicates the number of Errored Seconds in the E1 data stream.  
Possible Cause  
When CRC is enabled, an errored second is listed when more than 1 CRC error occurs  
within that second.  
When CRC is disabled, an errored second is listed when more than 1 CV error occurs within  
that second.  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the E1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin of error.  
42  
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61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
SES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu  
This value indicates the number of Severely Errored Seconds in the E1 data stream.  
Possible Cause  
When CRC is enabled, a severely errored second is listed when more than 805 CRCs occur  
within that second.  
When CRC is disabled, an errored second is listed when more than 850 CVs occur within  
that second.  
Recommended Actions:  
1. Check the E1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin of error.  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
43  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 4 Troubleshooting  
44  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
SECTION 5 SPECIFICATIONS  
This section lists the specifications for the TRACER system.  
Transmitter  
Output Power  
100 mW Transmitter...................... +20 dBm, maximum  
1 W Transmitter ............................. +30 dBm, maximum (Factory preset to +27 dBm)  
Frequency Range .................................. 5725 to 5850 MHz or 2400 to 2483.5 MHz  
Channel Bandwidth .............................. 62 MHz (5.8 GHz) or 40 MHz (2.4 GHz), (two channels)  
IF ....................................................... 140 MHz  
Receiver  
Receive Level, range ............................ -30 to -89 dBm @ 2.4 GHz, (-30 to -87 dBm @ 5.8 GHz)  
Receive Level, maximum..................... -30 dBm  
Receive Level, nominal........................ -60 dBm  
IF ....................................................... 70 MHz  
Frequency Plan  
Plan A 2.4 GHz .................................... Tx 2.421 GHz, Rx 2.462 GHz  
Plan B 2.4 GHz..................................... Tx 2.462 GHz, Rx 2.421 GHz  
Plan A 5.7 GHz .................................... Tx 5.747 GHz, Rx 5.827 GHz  
Plan B 5.7 GHz..................................... Tx 5.827 GHz, Rx 5.747 GHz  
Spread Spectrum Data Pump  
Modulation ........................................... QPSK  
Spreading Method ................................ Direct sequence  
Code Length ......................................... 120 bits  
Processing Gain .................................... >12 dB  
Number of Codes ................................. 10  
Chipping Rate....................................... 12 times  
Interface Specifications  
Capacity ................................................ 2 x E1  
Connection ........................................... RJ-48C, bantam  
Line Code ............................................. AMI, HDB3  
Framing ................................................ CAS, CCS  
Alarms .................................................. LOS, OOF, CV, CRC, RMT, UA1  
Loopbacks ............................................ Local and remote, per E1 channel  
User Interface  
Front Panel ........................................... Alarm LEDs, Configuration Switches, Monitor Jacks  
Diagnostics ........................................... E1 Loopback, Remote Test with built-in BERT  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
45  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 5 Specifications  
Test Points ............................................ RSSI, QPSK Constellation  
VT100 Terminal ................................... Menu-Driven User Interface, Control of the Remote End,  
Password Protected (Optional), Event History  
VT100 Terminal Interface  
Data Rate ................................................9600 bps  
Data Bits .................................................8  
Parity ......................................................None  
Stop Bits .................................................1  
Terminal Emulation................................VT100  
Mechanical & Environmental  
Baseband Processor  
Operating Temperature ..........................-25°C to 65°C  
Size .........................................................42.4 cm x 4.4 cm x 29.2 cm  
Humidity.................................................95%, Non-condensing  
Weight ....................................................6 lbs (2.7 kg)  
Rack RFC  
Operating Temperature ..........................-40°C to 65°C  
Size .........................................................42.4 cm x 4.4 cm x 29.2 cm  
Humidity.................................................95%, Non-condensing  
Weight ....................................................6 lbs (4.8 kg).  
Mast Unit  
Operating Temperature ..........................-40°C to 65°C  
Size .........................................................52.5 cm high x 22.5 cm diameter  
Humidity.................................................100%  
Weight ....................................................18 lbs (8.1 kg).  
Power  
Input Voltage ..........................................21 to 60 volts DC, either polarity referenced to ground  
Power Consumption ...............................30 watts  
Connector ...............................................3 pin DIN (AC adapter), 3 pin screw clamp terminal  
block (DC)  
46  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
SECTION 6 WARRANTY, ORDERING AND RETURN  
WARRANTY  
ADTRAN will replace or repair this product within five years from the date of shipment if it does not  
meet its published specifications or fails due to defects in materials and workmanship.  
For detailed warranty, repair, and return information, refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty,  
Repair, and Return Policy and Procedure (P/N 60000116-10) located on the ADTRAN web site at  
SALES  
For TRACER sales information, contact ADTRAN Sales at:  
(888) 3ADTRAN  
or  
(011) (256-963-7768)  
for International calls  
REPAIRS AND RETURNS  
Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.  
For RMA information, contact ADTRAN at:  
(800) 726-8663  
or  
ADTRAN, Inc.  
Customer Service Department  
P.O. Box 140000 / 901 Explorer Boulevard  
Huntsville, Alabama 35814  
TECHNICAL SUPPORT  
Standard support hours are 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. CST, Monday through Friday. Emergency technical support  
is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.  
For technical support at any time, contact ADTRAN at:  
(800) 726-8663  
or  
(011) (256-963-8716)  
for International calls  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
47  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Section 6 Warranty, Ordering and Return Information  
48  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
GLOSSARY  
ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL  
AMI ........................................................Alternate Mark Inversion  
BER ........................................................Bit Error Rate  
BBP ........................................................Baseband Processor  
CRC ........................................................Cyclic Redundancy Check  
DCE ........................................................Data Communications Equipment  
DTE ........................................................Data Terminal Equipment  
ESF ......................................................... Extended superframe  
FCC ........................................................Federal Communications Commission  
FEC.........................................................Forward Error Correction  
IF .........................................................Intermediate Frequency  
ISM .........................................................Industrial, Scientific, and Medical  
LBK ........................................................Loopback  
QPSK ......................................................Quadrature Phase Shift Keying  
RF ......................................................... Radio Frequency  
RFC ........................................................Radio Frequency Converter  
RSSI........................................................Received Signal Strength Indicator  
Rx .........................................................Receive  
SF ......................................................... Superframe  
Tx ......................................................... Transmit  
HDB3......................................................High Density Bipolar 3  
CV ......................................................... Coding Violation  
CCS ........................................................Clear Channel Signalling  
CAS ........................................................Channel associated Signalling  
RMT .......................................................Remote Alarm  
UA1 ........................................................Unframed all 1s  
RRA ........................................................Received Remote Alarm  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
49  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Glossary  
50  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
APPENDIX A CABLE CONNECTIONS  
The cable connections required for various configurations are detailed below.  
Terminal Connection (DB-25)  
Tracer (DCE)  
Terminal (DTE)  
Number Name  
Number  
Name  
2 .............. TXD  
3 .............. RXD  
4 .............. RTS  
5 .............. CTS  
6 .............. DSR  
7 ............ Ground  
2............. TXD  
3............. RXD  
4..............RTS  
5..............CTS  
6............. DSR  
7........... Ground  
Personal Computer Connection (DB-9)  
Tracer (DCE)  
Computer (DTE)  
Number Name  
Number  
Name  
2 .............. TXD  
3 .............. RXD  
4 .............. RTS  
5 .............. CTS  
6 .............. DSR  
7 ............ Ground  
3............. TXD  
2............. RXD  
7..............RTS  
8..............CTS  
6............. DSR  
5........... Ground  
Modem Connection (DB-25)  
Tracer (DCE)  
Modem (DCE)  
Number  
Name  
Number  
Name  
2 .............. TXD  
3 .............. RXD  
4 .............. RTS  
5 .............. CTS  
6 .............. DSR  
7 ............ Ground  
3............. RXD  
2............. TXD  
5..............CTS  
4..............RTS  
20 ............ DTR  
7........... Ground  
A-1  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
 
 
61280004L2-1C  
Appendix A Cable Connections  
TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual  
A-2  
 

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